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Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki (Gisborne, c. 1832–1893) was a Māori leader, the founder of the Ringatu religion and guerrilla. While fighting alongside government forces against the Hauhau in 1865, he was accused of spying. Exiled to the Chatham Islands without trial along with captured Hauhau, he experienced visions and became a religious leader. In 1868 he led the escape of 168 prisoners, seizing the schooner ''Rifleman'' and sailing back to the North Island where he began a series of raids. He was pardoned in 1883 but continued to be active in spreading the Ringatu message of peace and reclaiming land from Pakeha. ==Early life== Te Kooti's early years are obscure. He was born at Te Pa-o-Kahu in the Gisborne region as a son of Hone Rangipatahi (father) and Hine Turakau (mother), of the Rongowhakaata tribe (iwi). Their hapū was Ngati Maru, whose villages were situated near the Awapuni lagoon, where the Waipaoa River runs into the ocean.〔Binney, ''Redemption Songs'', p 16; Beaufoy, 2006, p 9〕 Arikirangi is thought to be the original name of Te Kooti. His birth date is thought to be approximately 1832.〔Binney, ''Redemption Songs'', p 16〕 A matakite (visionary) of Nukutaurua on Mahia Peninsula, named Toiroa Ikariki (Ikarihi), prophesied the birth of Te Kooti (as well as the coming of the white men, the Pākehā): The song is dated 1766. The ''Pakerewhā'' where strangers with red or white skin and Arikirangi was a grandchild of Toiroa, still to be born.〔Binney, ''Redemption Songs'', p 11〕 ''Te Kooti'' is understood to be his Christian baptismal name.〔 Te Kooti was apparently a very troublesome boy to his father, who tried to kill him. In 1852 he became notorious as one of a group of young Maori causing trouble in the Gisborne district. He took on the role of a "social bandit", breaking into settlers' homes and stealing goods as part of a plunder party.〔Binney, ''Redemption Songs'', p 21〕 He was sent to the Mission School at Whakato, near Manutuke. In 1846–1847 he was taught by Samuel Williams. Samuel and his uncle, William Williams "helped the boy to find a new world in the Bible".〔Mitcalfe, 1963, p 46〕 But his reputation was still suffering, also after contacts with the Reverend Thomas Grace, who was to replace William Williams for a few years (1850–1853). Local chiefs were asked by settlers to work with the local runanga (Maori council) to solve problems with Te Kooti but Te Kooti's men persisted in taking pigs, horses, cattle and alcohol, angering the runanga run by senior chiefs. As a result, Te Kooti's Pa was attacked by Te Aitanga-a-Matiaki. Many prisoners were taken but Te Kooti escaped.〔Binney, ''Redemption Songs'', p 22〕 He had to leave home and went to sea on different ships that traded along the coasts of the North Island. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Te Kooti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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